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Zorro stands for ZOsteRa RestOration and is an interdisciplinary research team started in 2011 at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. It has the goal to improve the management of coastal ecosystems with focus on eelgrass meadows along the Swedish west coast. The research team constitutes the base for research collaboration between marine ecologist, environmental legal scholars, and environmental economists. We aim to improve management and restoration of eelgrass ecosystems working in close collaboration with the Country Administrative Board of Västra Götaland, and the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water management. Today, more than 20 Swedish and international researchers and national and regional managers are collaborating in several different research projects.

The research within Zorro is focused on:

  • Ecological causes of eelgrass loss and lack of recovery in NW Sweden.
  • Legal causes and ecological consequences for eelgrass of small-scale coastal exploitation in NW Sweden.
  • Economic valuation of eelgrass ecosystem services in NW Sweden.
  • Deficiencies in the Swedish legal management system of eelgrass and other coastal ecosystems and how it could be improved.
  • Developing methods and policies for compensatory mitigation to avoid net-losses of eelgrass affected by exploitation.
  • Developing cost-effective methods and guidelines for large-scale restoration of eelgrass in Sweden.

The research has resulted in both scientific publications as well as reports, guidelines and suggestion of policies for management and restoration of eelgrass in Sweden (read more).

The research within the program is financed with funds from the interdisciplinary Graduate school in marine environmental research at the University of Gothenburg, from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management, Country Administrative Board of Västra Götaland and several research grants from the Swedish Research Council FORMAS. Today Zorro is part of the new Center for Sea and Society at the University of Gothenburg.

To see more about ZORRO activities visit the webpage.

ZORRO zostera restoration research team Gothenburg University Sweden

Zorro team during a meeting in 2016. From left to right, (up) Lena Gipperth, Lars-Ove Loo, Marlene Jahnke, Louise Eriander, Kristjan Laas, Eduardo Infantes, Per Jonsson, (below) Per-Olav Moksnes, Berit Hasler and Scott Cole.

Related blog posts on seagrass ecology

Featured research articles on seagrass restoration by the Zorro team

Handbook for eelgrass restoration in Sweden

Handbook for eelgrass restoration in Sweden- A guideline

Reports
Moksnes P-O, Gipperth L, Eriander L, Laas K, Cole S, Infantes E
Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (HAVs). Report 2016:9, 146 pages. ISBN 978-91-87967-17-7
Publication year: 2016

53. Fish community structure and habitat complexity in restored and natural eelgrass meadows

Journal Papers
Castro-Fernández J, Terrados J, Hinz H, Castejón-Silvon I, Moksnes P-O, Infantes E
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwaters Ecosystems, 35:e70092, DOI: 10.1002/aqc.70092
Publication year: 2025
Eelgrass bed after 1 year of restoration in the bay of Askeron, Sweden.

43. Rapid faunal colonisation and recovery of biodiversity and functional diversity following eelgrass restoration

Journal Papers
Gagnon K, Bocoum EH, Chen CY, Baden SP, Moksnes P-O, Infantes E
Restoration Ecology, 31(4): e13887. doi.org/10.1111/rec.13887
Publication year: 2023
Management and restoration of eelgrass in Sweden

Management and restoration of eelgrass in Sweden - Ecological, legal and economic background

Reports
Moksnes P-O, Gipperth L, Eriander L, Laas K, Cole S, Infantes E
Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (HAVs). Report 2016:8, 148 pages, ISBN 978-91-87967-16-0
Publication year: 2016
Feedbacks seagrass restoration

18. Local regime shifts prevent natural recovery and restoration of lost eelgrass beds along the Swedish west coast

Journal Papers
Moksnes P-O, Eriander L, Infantes E, Holmer M
Estuaries and Coasts, 41(6): 1712–1731
Publication year: 2018

11. Assessing methods for restoration of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in a cold temperate region

Journal Papers
Eriander L, Infantes E, Olofsson M, Olsen JL, Moksnes P-O
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 479: 76-88
Publication year: 2016
Seedlings of eelgrass Zostera marina

12. Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) restoration methods on the west coast of Sweden using seeds

Journal Papers
Infantes E, Eriander L, Moksnes P-O
Marine Ecology Progress Series 546: 31-45
Publication year: 2016
Caroline Crouzy conducting an experiment to protect Zostera marina (eelgrass) seeds from Carcinus maenas crabs near Kristineberg marine station in Sweden

13. Seed predation by the shore crab Carcinus maenas: a positive feedback preventing eelgrass recovery?

Journal Papers
Infantes E, Crouzy C, Moksnes P-O
PLOS ONE - 11(12): e0168128
Publication year: 2016

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